RAD makes it very difficult for foster and adoptive parents' children to bond. Walls have gone up. James writes:

You can't be a normal parent to a RAD kid because of the deep mistrust that exists. A RAD kid doesn't care what you think about his or her behaviour--so most behavioural programs simply don't work. These kids tend to need tremendous amounts of structure and nurturing. Often, parents find that they need to treat these kids as if they are the age at which the child emotioinally "froze". RAD children often appear to have no conscience. They seem to care about only themselves.

What are your strategies to help your child develop emotionally and create healthy ties with you and with other appropriate people?